Cold-crucible induction melting (CCIM) technology has been intensively studied as an advanced vitrification process for the immobilization of highly radioactive waste. This technology uses high-frequency induction to melt a glass matrix and waste. while the outer surface of the crucible is water-cooled. resulting in the formation of a frozen glass layer (skull). https://www.roneverhart.com/Clear-Zig-Zag-Pet-Gate/