These controversies regarding the relationships between citizenship pressure, OCBs and CCBs can be due to the ways that OCBs are calculated. From the literature, OCBs have typically been defined as spontaneous behaviours and rated by colleagues or leaders (e.g.2). Other-rated measurements are struggling to detect the behavioural motivations fundamental OCBs1,11. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/ZsO9iQ1SGS4